1801006103 LONG CASE


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I have been given this case to solve in an attempt to understand the topic of " patient clinical data analysis" to develop my competency in reading and comprehending clinical data including history, clinical findings, investigations and come up with diagnosis and treatment plan


The patient/ attender was informed the purpose of the information being acquired. An informed consent was taken from patient/ attender and there is omission of information that was requested to be omitted.  

A 55 year old male who was a daily labourer ,  was brought to medicine opd with chief complaints;

•Shortness of breath since 7 days 

•Decreased urinary output since 7 days

HISTORY OF PRESENT ILLNESS 

Patient was apparently asymptomatic 7 days back then he developed shortness of breathwhich was incidious in onset and progressed from grade 2 to grade 4 agrevating on lying down position asociated with orthopnea and paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea

 History of decrease urine output since 7 days 


No history of chest pain , sweating, syncope , palpitations.


No history of burning micturition, fever.

No history of cough, hemoptysis 


PAST HISTORY :

History of pedal edema on and off since one year confined to ankles 

Known case of hypertension

Not a known case of diabetes, asthma , epilepsy, Tuberculosis , CAD.

No Similar complaints in the past.

Treatment history

Drug history: 

Tab TELMISARTAN 40mg OD since 1 year

NSAIDS : taken since 4 years occasionally but from past 2 years taken almost daily for his leg pains 

Past surgical history 

No past surgical history 

FAMILY HISTORY :

No significant family history 

PERSONAL HISTORY :

DAILY ROUTINE :

He wakes up around 5 am in the morning and does his household chores , goes to work for 5 to 6 hrs and returns back home around lunch time 1pm and take rest for the day. He will have his dinner around 7 30 pm and goes to sleep at 9 pm. He now has stopped his daily work since a year.

Appetite - Normal

Diet - Mixed

Sleep - adequate 

Bowel habits - regular 

Bladder habits - decreased 

Addictions - history of smoking (beedi 4 per day since he was 20 years old ), history of alcohol consumption (since 30 yrs and occasionally whisky 90 ml each time since past one year ).


GENERAL EXAMINATION :

(Consent was taken)

Patient is conscious, coherent and cooperative.

Moderately built and moderately nourished.

Pallor - present

Icterus - absent 

Cyanosis - absent 

Clubbing- absent 

Lymphadenopathy- absent 

Edema - bilateral lower limb edema , pitting type , seen in ankle region.




VITALS :

Temperature - Afebrile (98.6F)

Pulse rate - 80 bpm

Blood pressure - 130/80 mm Hg

Respiratory rate - 17 cycles per minute 

SpO2 - 95%




SYSTEMIC EXAMINATION :

CARDIOVASCULAR SYSYTEM:

INSPECTION :

Shape of chest : normal 

Mildrise in JVP

No Precordial bulge

No visible pulsations

Apexbeat : not well appreciated on inspection


PALPATION :

Apical impulse -

Shift to 6th intercoastal space lateral to midclavicular line

No Parasternal heave  and thrills

PERCUSSION :

Left heart border - shifted laterally

Right heart border retrosternally

AUSCULTATION :

S1 , S2 heard 

No murmors

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM:

INSPECTION :

Trachea - midline

Shape of chest - elliptical 

Type of respiration :  abdomino thoracic

Chest is bilaterally symmetrical and elliptical

Bilateral airway entry Present

No chest wall defects

Presence of a healing, crusted ulcer on the right hemithorax medial to nipple.

Movement of chest is symmetrical on both sides

No sinuses / scars

PALPATION :

All the inspectory findings are confirmed

Trachea - central

Chest expansion - symmetrical 

Chest circumference - 34 cms

No Tenderness over the chest

Tactile voacl fremitus:

                                Right       Left

Supraclavicular     N              N

Infraclavicular       N              N

Mammary               N              N

Inframammary      N              N

Axillary                    N              N

Infra axillary           N              N

Supra scapular       N               N

Infra scapular         N              N

Inter scapular         N              N

Percussion : 

Resonant note 

AUSCULTATION :

Vocal resonance 

                          Left        Right


Supraclavicular N           N


Infraclavicular   N          N


Mammary           N         N


Inframmamry      N       N


Axillary                N         N


Infraaxillary         D       D


Suprascapular    N        N


Infrascapular      N.        N


Interscapular    N         N

Breath sounds  : crepitations are heard in infra axillary infra scapular  areas


Per abdomen examination:

INSPECTION 

shape of abdomen is normal 

No scars and sinuses 

Umbilicus is central 

PALPATION -

No Tenderness on superficial palpation.

Temperature - Afebrile

Liver is Non Tender and not palpable 

Spleen is Not palpable

 PERCUSSION - tympanic note heard 

ASCULTATION- Bowel Sounds Heard                          

 

CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM : 

Patient is conscious coherent and cooperative

Speech is normal 

No signs of meningeal irritation

Cranial nerves - intact 

Sensory system normal 

Motor system:

Tone - normal 

Bulk - normal 

Power - bilaterally 5/5 

Deep tendon reflexes 

Biceps : ++

Triceps : ++

Supinator: ++ 

Knee : ++

Ankle : ++

Superficial reflexes - normal 

Gait - normal

            


PROVISIONAL DIAGNOSIS :

 Heart failure    associated with hypertension.


INVESTIGATIONS:

Hemogram 

Hemoglobin - 7.7 gm/dl

Total count - 14,100 cells/cumm

Lymphocytes - 16%

PCV - 23.1 vol%

SMEAR :

  RBC - Normocytic normochromic

  WBC - increased count (neutrophilic leucocytosis)

  Platelets - adequate

Kidney function test 

Serum creatinine - 4.0 mg/dl

Blood urea - 95mg/dl

ABG :

  PH 7.43

  Pco2 - 31.6 mmHg

  Po2 - 64.0 mmHg

  HCO3 - 21.1 mmol/l

Urine examination :

  albumin ++

  sugar nil

  pus cells 2-3

  epithelial cells 2-3

  Red blood cells 4-5

Random blood sugar - 124 mg/dl


CHEST X RAY :




Electrocardiogram :

2D echo 






FINAL DIAGNOSIS 
 Heart failure  with reduced ejection fraction
 CKD ? sceondary  to NSAID abuse ( Analgesic nephropathy ) known case of hypertension 


 TREATMENT :


Inj. Thiamine 100mg in 50 ml NS TID

Inj. LASIX 40mg IV BD

Inj. Erythropoietin 4000IU SC Once weekly

Inj. PAN 40 mg IV OD

Tab. Nicardia Retard 10mg RT BD

Tab. Metoprolol 12.5mg RT OD

Hemodialysis

Intermittent CPAP

Allow sips of oral fluid 

Monitor vitals.

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